Glossary of common terms
Advices and Queries
Is included in Quaker Faith and Practice (QF&P)
as the first chapter. Advices and Queries is also published
as a separate booklet, and is frequently used in meetings for worship
as a means of reminding Quakers to reflect on their spiritual lives
and ethical responsibilities.
After-thoughts
Some local meetings have a period of about ten minutes following meeting
but before any general conversation and refreshments, in which to
share anything which seems important but not suitable for a spoken
contribution during meeting for worship.
Attender
Anyone who regularly attends a meeting for worship, but hasn't’t yet
become a formal member of the Religious Society of Friends.
Bible
Two books usually bound as one. The Old Testament tells the
story of the people of Israel (the Jews), their journey to find a
home land and their struggle to find God. The New Testament focuses
almost solely on one such Jew, Jesus of Nazareth. The books are collections
of stories, poetry, history, letters and argument written in Hebrew,
Aramaic and Greek, and in English translation. Quakers consider them
inspirational books, but tend not accept them as literally true.
Britain Yearly Meeting (BYM)
Two meanings: a) The whole body of Quakers in Britain; b) the biggest
and most authoritative gathering of Friends in Britain, held annually,
often at Friends House. See also 'Meeting for Sufferings' (MfS)
Centring down
The spiritual discipline of approaching worship is often
described as a process of 'centring down', peeling away the distractions
of the mind, and opening the heart to the leadings of the Spirit.
Christocentric Friends
Friends for whom Christ is the centre of their worship (in contrast
to Universalist Friends).
Clerk
Quakers do not reach decisions by voting. The clerk, the
servant of the meeting, helps the meeting find a common voice, and
records decisions in the minutes. There are often assistant clerks,
and (rarely) co-clerks with different but complementary abilities.
Elder
A member of a meeting appointed by the area meeting, entrusted with
ensuring the spiritual well-being and proper conduct of the meeting.
Friend
Formal name for a Quaker. The term Friends is often used
these days to include regular attenders.
Friends Meeting House
Where Friends meet for worship.
Friends of Truth
A name that early Friends gave themselves about 300 years
ago. Before that, they called themselves Children of the Light.
Friends House
Central offices of Britain Yearly Meeting in Euston Road, London.
Friends World Committee for Consultation (FWCC)
The umbrella organisation for 400,000+ Friends around the world. It
encourages communication and fellowship between all the branches of
the Religious Society of Friends, and includes the Europe and Middle
East Section.
Liberal Quakers
Meetings are unprogrammed and belief is varied. Personal
experience, values and way of life come before belief or theology.
In this tradition it is possible to be both (say) a Buddhist and a
Quaker. Liberal Quakers describe themselves as 'rooted in Christianity'.
Local Meeting
An established local meeting for worship, conducting its
own regular business meeting, usually called a Preparative Meeting.
Meetings: general, area, local.
Under Britain Yearly Meeting, Quakers in Britain are organised and
divided into area meetings that take place monthly, and below them
into local meetings. Representatives of area meetings take part in
general meetings with limited powers, which cover larger areas.
Meeting for Sufferings (MfS)
Originally set up to keep track of those who were in prison
and to organize support for them and their dependents. Later this
large and regular meeting guided the Britain Yearly Meeting. Representatives
from each area meeting attend this at Friends House.
Member
Someone who has formally joined Britain Yearly Meeting (or
another yearly meeting) of the Religious Society of Friends. An application
for membership usually leads to a visit from two members, followed
by a monthly meeting decision, to ensure as far as possible that the
applicant is a Quaker at heart.
Ministry
a) Participation in meetings for worship, whether vocal or not;
b) service to others.
Outreach
The process of making information available to enquirers
for their own decision, not to be confused with proselytising or converting,
a practice foreign to Friends.
Overseer
Members appointed by a monthly meeting to ensure the care
of individuals in local meetings, including newcomers. Whereas eldership
involves responsibility for fostering the meeting’s spiritual life,
oversight ensures the pastoral care of individuals and the community.
Quaker
Informal name for a member of the Religious Society of Friends.
Quakers try to bear witness or testify to their beliefs in their every-day
life - an expression of 'spirituality in action'.
Quaker Faith and Practice (or QF&P or The Red Book)
The inspirational collection of Quaker thoughts and words.
It includes guidelines and instructions for Quaker institutions (such
as meetings for worship or marriage ceremonies). Recommended reading
for Quakers.
Quaker Peace and Social Witness (QPSW)
is one of the committees of Britain Yearly Meeting. It works to promote
British Quakers' testimonies of equality, justice, peace, simplicity
and truth.
Religious Society of Friends
is a worldwide spiritual movement, members of which are formally known
as Friends or informally known as Quakers. It is based on the idea
that individuals can have a personal relationship with Truth or the
divine without the need for intermediaries, such as priests, rituals
or sacraments.
Testimonies
Quaker testimonies (or Friends testimonies) are not a set
of words, but an expression of our spirituality in action. In attempting
to live out our testimonies, we are holding up an alternative vision
of humanity and society, centred on meeting real needs rather than
ever changing desires. The best known of our testimonies is the Peace
Testimony. The shared view that there is ‘that of God’ in everyone
leads Quakers to witness against war and killing, and to work positively
to remove the causes of conflict and injustice.
Universalist Friends
Friends who consider that spiritual awareness is accessible
to everyone, of any religion or none, and that no one faith can claim
to have a final revelation or monopoly of truth.
Worship
Silent 'waiting in the Light', in which everyone present
can, in response to the promptings of Spirit / Inner Light, share
their thoughts aloud. Meetings for worship are held regularly - usually
weekly - by all Local Meetings.
